Product Type
Antibody
Description
The polyclonal antibody recognizes rat C4d. Complement factor C4 (MW 41 kDa), formerly known as Gg protein, is composed of α, β and γ chains. The classical pathway of complement and the mannose-binding lectin (MBL) activation pathway converge at C4. The activated MASP-1 and MASP-2 cleave C4, resulting in the formation of C4a and C4b. The latter can be cleaved by factor I to produce C4c and C4d, all functional sites are lost in this step. The C4d activation fragment of C4 is an excellent marker for the activation of the classical complement pathway and MBL pathway. The thioester formed between the side chains of Cys1010 and Gln1013 in the C4d region of the α chain mediates covalent attachment to the target surface with activated form of C1s or MASP. In addition, C4d is highly homologous to C3d, which has more than 35% shared amino acid sequence. In many diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), hereditary angioedema (HAE), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and chronic urticaria, the high complement level of C4d in serum or plasma is significantly increased. C4d levels in the plasma of patients with various humoral autoimmune diseases may also increase, and it is known that complement activation occurs. The deposition of C4d in the capillaries around the renal tubules has been shown to be a sensitive marker of antibody-mediated (humoral) rejection in renal transplantation biopsy.
Disease
Pulmonology
Size
100 µg
Immunogen
A synthesized 14-mer peptide (STPAPRNPSEPVPQ) corresponding to amino acids 1223-1236 of rat C4, conjugated to keyhole limpet hemocyanin at the C-terminal part (for this a cysteine was added)
Species
Rat
Clonality
Polyclonal
Buffer
PBS, containing 0.1% bovine serum albumin and 0.02% sodium azide.
Application
Flow cytometry, Frozen sections, Paraffin sections, Western blot
Application Notes
For immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry and western blotting, the diluent to be used depends on the detection system used. It is recommended that users test reagents and determine their own optimal dilution. The typical initial working dilution is 1:50.
Storage Instructions
Product should be stored at 4°C. Under recommended storage conditions, product is stable for at least one year.
Alternative Names
Complement component 4d
