Anti-MUC1 Antibody, Highly Galactosylated (BioBet-GA-378ZP) (CAT#: BioBet-GA-378ZP) Datasheet

MUC1

Mucin 1, Cell Surface Associated

This gene encodes a membrane-bound protein that is a member of the mucin family. Mucins are O-glycosylated proteins that play an essential role in forming protective mucous barriers on epithelial surfaces. These proteins also play a role in intracellular signaling. This protein is expressed on the apical surface of epithelial cells that line the mucosal surfaces of many different tissues including lung, breast stomach and pancreas. This protein is proteolytically cleaved into alpha and beta subunits that form a heterodimeric complex. The N-terminal alpha subunit functions in cell-adhesion and the C-terminal beta subunit is involved in cell signaling. Overexpression, aberrant intracellular localization, and changes in glycosylation of this protein have been associated with carcinomas. This gene is known to contain a highly polymorphic variable number tandem repeats (VNTR) domain. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants.[provided by RefSeq, Feb 2011]

Mucin 1; polymorphic epithelial mucin; PEM; episialin; CD227

Extracellular region or secreted, Nucleus, Plasma membrane

Its related pathways are Defective C1GALT1C1 causes Tn polyagglutination syndrome (TNPS) and Cell adhesion_Cell-matrix glycoconjugates.

Subunits have cell adhesion properties. Can be used as adhesion and anti-adhesion protein. It can provide a protective layer on epithelial cells to prevent the attack of bacteria and enzymes. The subunit contains a c-terminal domain, which participates in cell signal transduction through phosphorylation and protein-protein interaction. Regulate the signal of ERK, SRC and nf-kpa-b pathway. In activated T cells, it directly or indirectly affects the Ras/MAPK pathway. Promote tumor progression. In the genotoxic stress response, it regulates tp53-mediated transcription and determines cell fate. Combining with KLF4 the PE21 promoter element of TP53, inhibits TP53 activity.

Cancer antibody; Controls and Markers antibody; Signaling Transduction antibody; Epithelial Marker antibody

Highly glycosylated (N- and O-linked carbohydrates and sialic acid). O-glycosylated to a varying degree on serine and threonine residues within each tandem repeat, ranging from mono- to penta-glycosylation. The average density ranges from about 50% in human milk to over 90% in T47D breast cancer cells. Further sialylation occurs during recycling. Membrane-shed glycoproteins from kidney and breast cancer cells have preferentially sialyated core 1 structures, while secreted forms from the same tissues display mainly core 2 structures. The O-glycosylated content is overlapping in both these tissues with terminal fucose and galactose, 2- and 3-linked galactose, 3- and 3,6-linked GalNAc-ol and 4-linked GlcNAc predominating. Differentially O-glycosylated in breast carcinomas with 3,4-linked GlcNAc. N-glycosylation consists of high-mannose, acidic complex-type and hybrid glycans in the secreted form MUC1/SEC, and neutral complex-type in the transmembrane form, MUC1/TM. Proteolytic cleavage in the SEA domain occurs in the endoplasmic reticulum by an autoproteolytic mechanism and requires the full-length SEA domain as well as requiring a Ser, Thr or Cys residue at the P + 1 site. Cleavage at this site also occurs on isoform MUC1/X but not on isoform MUC1/Y. Ectodomain shedding is mediated by ADAM17. Dual palmitoylation on cysteine residues in the CQC motif is required for recycling from endosomes back to the plasma membrane. Phosphorylated on tyrosines and serine residues in the C-terminal. Phosphorylation on tyrosines in the C-terminal increases the nuclear location of MUC1 and beta-catenin. Phosphorylation by PKC delta induces binding of MUC1 to beta-catenin/CTNNB1 and thus decreases the formation of the beta-catenin/E-cadherin complex. Src-mediated phosphorylation inhibits interaction with GSK3B. Src- and EGFR-mediated phosphorylation on Tyr-1229 increases binding to beta-catenin/CTNNB1. GSK3B-mediated phosphorylation on Ser-1227 decreases this interaction but restores the formation of the beta-cadherin/E-cadherin complex. On T-cell receptor activation, phosphorylated by LCK. PDGFR-mediated phosphorylation increases nuclear colocalization of MUC1CT and CTNNB1. The N-terminal sequence has been shown to begin at position 24 or 28.

Protein Based Therapies
Monoclonal antibody (mAb)

IgG

epitumomab cituxetan

Mouse

Human

The Highly Galactosylated Anti-MUC1 (epitumomab cituxetan), a biobetter antibody contains with a high level of galactosylation.

Solid tumors

Solid tumors