Highly Galactosylated Anti-PD-L1 (Avelumab) Antibody (CAT#: BioBet-GA-015ZP) Datasheet

CD274

CD274 molecule

This gene encodes an immune inhibitory receptor ligand that is expressed by hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic cells, such as T cells and B cells and various types of tumor cells. The encoded protein is a type I transmembrane protein that has immunoglobulin V-like and C-like domains. Interaction of this ligand with its receptor inhibits T-cell activation and cytokine production. During infection or inflammation of normal tissue, this interaction is important for preventing autoimmunity by maintaining homeostasis of the immune response. In tumor microenvironments, this interaction provides an immune escape for tumor cells through cytotoxic T-cell inactivation. Expression of this gene in tumor cells is considered to be prognostic in many types of human malignancies, including colon cancer and renal cell carcinoma. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants.

CD274; PD-L1; PDCD1L1; B7-H; Programmed Death Ligand 1; Programmed Cell Death 1 Ligand 1; PDCD1LG1; B7H1

Plasma membrane, Endosome

Its related pathways are Innate Immune System and Class I MHC mediated antigen processing and presentation.

1.It plays a key role in inducing and maintaining immune tolerance to oneself (PubMed:11015443, PubMed:28813417, PubMed:28813410). As a ligand for the inhibitory receptor PDCD1/PD-1, it regulates the activation threshold of t cells and limits the effector response of t cells (PubMed:11015443, PubMed:28813417, PubMed:28813410). Through an unknown activation receptor, it is possible to stimulate a subset of T cells to mainly produce interleukin 10 (IL10) (PubMed: 10581077). 2. Tumors use the pdcd1 mediated inhibitory pathway to weaken anti-tumor immunity and escape the destruction of the immune system, thereby promoting tumor survival (PubMed:28813417, PubMed:28813410). The interaction with PDCD1/PD-1 inhibits the effector function of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) (similar). The blockade of the pdcd1 mediated pathway leads to the reversal of the exhausted T cell phenotype and the normalization of the anti-tumor response, which provides a theoretical basis for cancer immunotherapy (through similarity).

1.Ubiquitinated; STUB1 likely mediates polyubiquitination of PD-L1/CD274 triggering its degradation. 2.Glycosylation at Asn35, Asn192, Asn200, and Asn219 3.Modification sites at PhosphoSitePlus

Protein Based Therapies
Monoclonal antibody (mAb)

IgG1

Avelumab

Human

Human

Avelumab is a fully human monoclonal antibody that targets protein-programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) and was co-developed by Merck KGaA and Pfizer. This product is used in immunotherapy for a variety of diseases, including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), gastric cancer, invasive skin cancer, and metastatic Merck cell cancer (MCC).

Locally advanced disease has progressed during or following platinum-containing chemotherapy urothelial carcinoma (UC)
Locally advanced disease has progressed within 12 months of neoadjuvant or adjuvant treatment with platinum-containing chemotherapy urothelial carcinoma (UC)
Metastatic Merkel Cell Carcinoma (MCC)
Metastatic disease has progressed during or following platinum-containing chemotherapy urothelial carcinoma (UC)
Metastatic disease has progressed within 12 months of neoadjuvant or adjuvant treatment with platinum-containing chemotherapy urothelial carcinoma (UC)

Not Available

Avelumab is a fully IgG1 monoclonal antibody that binds to programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) and therefore inhibits binding to its receptor programmed cell death 1 (PD-1). PD-L1 can be expressed on tumor cells and tumor-infiltrating immune cells, and can inhibit the anti-tumor immune response in the tumor microenvironment. Avelumab binds PD-L1 and prevents the interaction between PD-L1 and its receptors PD-1 and B7.1, leading to the recovery of immune responses (including anti-tumor immune responses). Avelumab has also been shown to induce antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) in vitro.

Locally advanced disease has progressed during or following platinum-containing chemotherapy urothelial carcinoma (UC)
Locally advanced disease has progressed within 12 months of neoadjuvant or adjuvant treatment with platinum-containing chemotherapy urothelial carcinoma (UC)
Metastatic Merkel Cell Carcinoma (MCC)
Metastatic disease has progressed during or following platinum-containing chemotherapy urothelial carcinoma (UC)
Metastatic disease has progressed within 12 months of neoadjuvant or adjuvant treatment with platinum-containing chemotherapy urothelial carcinoma (UC)